ARK. j ORTO V. SWEATT. 621 ORTO V. SWEATT. Opinion delivered December 24, 1923. 1. SALES—RESCISSION AND RESALE—JURY QUESTION.—Evidence held sufficient for submission of issue whether the parties to a sale rescinded it and then made a new sale, with reservation of title in the seller until a mortgage on other property to be received in payment, was paid. 2. SALES—RESCISSION AND RESALE.—Parties to a sale may rescind it and make a new sale with reservation of title in this seller until a mortgage on other property, which was to be in payment, is discharged. Appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court ; W. B. Sorrels, Judge ; affirmed.
622 ORTO v. SWEATT. [161 Reinberg er &. R einb erg er , for appellant. The court erred in overruling the motion for new trial. A reservation of title must be contemporaneous. with the sale. 37 S. E. 632; 61 Pac. 660; 130 Pac. 107; 45 Vt. 369. There can be no verbal mortgages. 57 Ark. 216; 12 Ark. 428; 30 Ark. 745; 34 Ark. 346. Rowell & Alexander, for appellee. Where a verdict or judgment is correct under any theory of the case, this court will not reverse. 103 Ark. 105. A sale may be proved by circumstances as well as by affirmative evidence. 124 Ark. 585. Instruction number three was more favorable to appellant than the evidence justified. 98 Ark. 221. A contract must be interpreted in accordance with the- intention of the parties. 114 Ark. 415; 104 Ark. 406. Contracts for the conditional sale of personal property with reservation of title are not required to be in writing. 149 Ark. 433. SMITH, J. This is a suit in replevin to recover possession of certain plate-glass showcases. The cases have marble bases, and are very heavy and valuable. There was a verdict and judgment for the defendant, and the plaintiff has appealed. The point in issue is reflected by an instruction numbered 3, given over the objection of the plaintiff, the trustee in bankruptcy of Elkins It reads as follows: "If you find from a preponderance of the evidence in this case that M..L. Elkins sold Doctor Collier an autOmobile and took the show-cases as part of the payment on the purchase money, then the court instructs you that this was an absolute sale of the property to M. L Elkins, a.nd you will find for the plaintiff, unless you find that, subsequent thereto, and before the petition in bankruptcy was filed, there was a contract and agreement between the parties, mutually understood and agreed, that the title should be reserved in Doctor Collier until the show-cases were paid for and the mortgage satisfied on the automobile. In order to convey the title back in Doctor Collier, it is necessary for the proof to show that there was a positive agreement between the two that
ARK.] ORTO V: SWEATT. 623 the title should be reserved in Doctor Collier Until the mortgage was discharged, and this before the petition was filed. If you do not so find, you will find for the plaintiff." Appellant concedes that, if this instruction correctly declares the law, and that there was testimony upon which to base it, this case will have to be affirmed; but he questions both the soundness of the legal proposition there announced and the sufficiency of the testimony upon which to base it. Dr. Collier testified that he traded the show-cases to Elkins for an automobile, but, after doing so, he was informed that the Citizens' Bank of Pine Bluff had a mortgage on the automobile, whereupon he saw Elkins, who admitted this was true, so he and Elkins agreed that witness "should hold the cases until the mortgage was settled." Witness further explained the new contract about the cases, after discovering there was a mortgage on them, as follows: "I just figured the cases were mine until he paid the mortgage off." The mortme was later paid, whereupon a bill of sale was executed, this being the first and only bill of sale given. There was also testimony that, after the new contract, wherein it was agreed that Collier should hold the show-cases until the mortgage was paid, Elkins assumed no authority or control over the cases, and they were not moved, and, when Elkins listed his assets at the time he filed his petition in bankruptcy, be did not include the show-cases, and they were pointed out at the time as being in the possession of Collier. We do not undertake to review all the testimony, but we have set out enough of it to show that the instruction was not abstract. The court, in effect, told the jury to find for the plaintiff unless there was a rescission of the first sale and a second sale with a reservation of title. We know of no legal reason why the first sale might not have been rescinded, especially after it was made known that the consideration therefor had partly failed, in that the automobile was mortgaged, and, if it was
624 ORTO v. SWEATT. [161 rescinded, we know of no reason why the show-cases might not have been resold with a reservation of the title, / and such is the effect of Collier 's testimony. There was never an actual delivery of the show-cases at the time of either sale. After the second contract was made the show-cases were pointed out, and Elkins stated that they were not his and were not in his possession, but belonged to Collier and were in Collier's possession. Moreover, as we have said, there -was never but one bill of sale, and this was not made until after the mortgage on the automobile had been paid. We think there is no question of a lack of delivery to validate this second contract. There had been only a constructive delivery to Elkins under the first contract, and there was a constructive delivery under the second contract, and, in addition, the show-cases were pointed out as being the property of Collier after the second contract was made, and no manual delivery of the cases was ever made until the mortgage was discharged and the bill of sale was executed, until which time Collier had retained the title by virtue of the second contract whereby he retook the title conveyed by the first contract. This second contract may have been unusual, but it was not unlawful or" impossible, and if, after selling the show-cases, that sale was rescinded, we know of no reason why a second sale thereof might not have been made with a reservation of title. The instruction set out above submits this issue, and the objection to the instruction is that it told the jury the title could be reserved in Collier by a subsequent agreement, although there had been a prior sale under which the title had passed; but, as we have said, parties competent to contract have the right to sell and to rescind and to resell, and the judgment of the court below must therefore toe affirmed.
You are being directed to the most recent version of the statute which may not be the version considered at the time of the judgment.