102 BOOKER V. SMITH. [214 BOOKER V. SMITH. 4-8595 214 S. W. 2d 513 Opinion delivered . November 15, 1948. 1. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. — Judic ial intervention in disputes arising between factions of a religious body is permissible only in the settlement of property rights claimed by the rival groups. 2. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES—CONGREG ATIONAL GOVERN ME NT.—The rights of different factions in a congregational religious body are determined by the vote of the majority of the members. 3. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES—GOVERN MEN T.—The Antioch Baptist Church is governed by a majority vote of the members. 4. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.—Where the Antioch Baptist Church of B county in 1924 became divided, one faction adhering to the Convention Baptists and the other to the Landmark Baptists, the vote of the membership became conclusive on the question as to which side constituted the majority and had the right to control the property of the church. 5. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES—DIVISION—AGREEMENT S AS TO USE OF PROP - ERTY.—Where the members of the Antioch Baptist Church held an election to determine which faction—the Convention Baptists or Landmark Baptists—was in the majority, and the Convention Baptists were found to be in the majority, the subsequent acceptance of the use of the church property by the Landmark Baptists
ARK.] BOOKER V. SMITH. 103 for two Sundays in each month constituted a recognition by that faction that it was using the property under the agreement with the Convention group, and such use could never ripen into adverse possession nor could the Landmark group have any greater rights than the settlement agreement contained. 6. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES—PROPERTY RIGHTS.—Where in 1924 the property rights of the Convention group and the Landmark group of the Antioch Baptist Church were agreed upon and in 1937 a 21/2- acre tract of land was conveyed to the "Antioch Baptist Church" said 21/2-acre tract became the property of the Antioch Baptist Church and under the control of the majority faction in that church. 7. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES—CLEAR ELECTION.—When the will of the majority in a congregational religious body cannot, because of force or threats, etc., be ascertained, the court might properly intervene —not to decide the result of a pending case, but to grant the relief prayed, i. e., "a clear election." 8. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES—"CLEAR ELECTION" DEFINED.—By "clear election" is meant an election that is "clean, pure and unsullied." 9. RELIGIOUS SO CIETIES — DIVISION—CLEAR ELECTION.—SinCe in 1924 the members of the Antioch Baptist Church held an election to determine which faction was in the majority and the Convention Baptists with 31 votes were found to have a majority over the Landmark Baptists who had 14 votes, the prayer of the Landmark Baptists more than 20 years later for a "clear election" to determine the majority at the later date could not be sustained. 10. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES—PARTITION OF PROPERTY.—SinCe the majority gained control of the church property by the election in 1924 and the minority had used the church property by permission of the majority since that time, the decree of the chancery court dividing the property between the two factions in proportion to the number of members in each faction was erroneous. 11. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES—RIGHTS OF OPPOSING GROUPS.—S ince the rights of the opposing groups of the Antioch Baptist Church are fixed by the election and agreements of 1924, appellees, the Landmark Baptists, will be given 30 days to file a written statement of rejection or acceptance as to the continued use of the property under said agreement, and if rejected, all rights of appellees as to use of the property will ipso facto terminate. Appeal from Bradley Chancery Court ; D. A. Brad-ham, Chancellor ; reversed. C. C. Hollensworth and Wilson ce Kimpel, for appellant.' DaVal L. Purkins, for appellee.
104 BOOKER v. SMITH. [214 ED. F. MCFADDIN, Justice. This unfortunate litigation sterns from a dispute between the two groups in the Antioch Baptist Church in Bradley county, Arkansas. The Antioch Church was organized prior . to 1866. In 1868, a tract of one acre was conveyed to three named persons as "deacons of the Baptist Church in trust for a place of •religious worship." This acre has been continuously used for the church building and cemetery. In April, 1937, an adjacent tract of 21/2 , acres was conveyed to the church "for church purposes and for Public burial grounds." Tbe property rights claimed by each •grottp require judicial intervention. See Elstan v. Wilborn, 208 Ark. 377, 186 S. W. 2d 662, 158 A. L. R 179. Facts From the eyidence in the record, the following facts appear : In 1902, there arose a dispute among some of the Baptist churches in Arkansas as to the handling of money for mission purposes. One group to the dispute was called "Convention Baptists," and the other group was called "Landmark Baptists." ,This appears as a statement vouched for by a witness : " 'In 1902, a division came among Arkansas Baptists and the Landmark body was organized.' " The same witness said of the Antioch Church: "Q. You testified that it could not have been a Landmark Church before 1902, because the Landmark Church was not organized before 1902? A. The Landmark Association was not." The dispute between tbe Landmark Baptists and the Convention Baptists finally came to the surface in the Antioch Church in 1924. In September of that year, at a regular meeting of the church, there was a vote taken to determine whether the Antioch Church would adhere to the Convention Baptists or to the Landmark Baptists ; and the vote was 31 for the Convention Baptists and 14 for the Landmark Baptists.' Here is typical testimony Page 80 of the church record reflects: "Church of Christ at Antioch, met in regular conference Saturday before the first Sunday in September, 1924. "First motion by J. W. Hampton, seconded by J. A. Givens, that all who wanted to remain wi:th the old MissiOnary Baptist Church as it had always been, for 31, against 14."
ARK ] BOOKER V. SMITH. 105 as to that voting: "Q. The rules of your church provide for majority rule ? A. Yes, sir. Q. Were you present when they took a vote on who stayed and who left ? A. Yes, sir. Q. Do you know whether it was considered by everybody until the split to be Convention or Landmark? A. I did not hear anything about it until then; and they 'asked me which side I was on and I said 'Convention side'; and I stayed'right where I Was." Q. The Convention side got more • votes than the' Landmark? A. Yes, sir." Thus, in September, 1924; the Antioch Church, by a majority vote, adhered, to the Convention Baptists. Within a few days thereafter J. ,11. Langston, a member of the Landmark group in the Antioch Church, filed a replevin action in the justice of the peace court against W. E. Creed to replevin, the Antioch Church records, since Creed was the clerk of the Convention group which had gained control by the voting previously mentioned. The justice of the peace case was decided for the defendant, W. E. Creed, and Langston appealed to the circuit court. On January 5, 1925; Langston's appeal was dismissed. This was the result of a settlendent agreement between the two groups as to the use of the church. The church minutes read: "Church of Christ, Antioch; Second Sunday in October, 1924. W. E. Creed elected Moderator, J. W. Hampton, Clerk Pro Tern. By motion, seconded, granted Landmark's use of the Church half time, they to have the first and-third Sundays. There .being no further business, conference adjourned." In short; the congregation had voted' 31 to 14 to • adhere to the Convention Baptists ; the Landmark group had unsuccessfully tried to replevin thd church records ; and then a settlement was effectuated, whereby the Landmark Baptists were allowed to use the church building the first and third Sundays of each month, since the Convention Baptists held services only on the second and fourth Sundays. The settlement agreement stated that if one group commenced a revival service on its Sunday, -and continued the revival over into the following Sun_ day, then the other group would allow the revival services to thus continue. The agreement had no provision
106 BOOKER V. SMITH. [214 for use of the church by either group on the fifth Sunday in any month. One of the Convention Baptists who participated in the settlement agreement, and in subsequent matters, testified: "Q. That was in 1924. Did you cooperate together after then? A. We used the same building, and some of us would go to their church services and some of them came to our church services. Of course, in conference we did not have anything to say, but listened to the preacher. Of course, there was some little confusion along, but not much until last year, when our meeting started. I believe it was on the fourth Sunday in some month, and it ran over to the fifth Sunday; and they came in there and Said they were going to have fifth Sunday meeting there on Saturday and Sunday; but we got by with that. Then, this past summer we were having a meeting which started on the fourth Sunday and ran through the first Sunday, and of course some of them attended the service, and we were glad to have ihem. Then, on Sunday their preacher was there, and after church he got up. The Convention preacher said we would be dismissed; and the Landmark preacher said we were not ready to dismiss, he had something to say. Q. That was during the Convention revival meeting? A. Yes, sir. The Convention preacher said we would be dismissed. The Landmark preacher said he had something he wanted to say. He shook his finger right in the other preacher's face, and said, 'I don't believe what you preach, and you don't believe what I preach, and you know it is that way; and if it is your church we will get out, and if it is ours you get out; and I am going to appoint a committee to see whose church it is.' Thus, after a joint use of the church building for over 20 years, the Landmark Baptists filed suit in the chancery court against the Convention Baptists seeking to gain absolute cOntrol of the church property, or—in • the alternative—to have a new vote taken to determine which is numerically the larger of the two groups at the present time. The chancery court entered a decree r. (a) awarding the 2 1/2 acres to the Landmark group absolutely; (b) directing a sale of the one acre and church
ARK.] BOOKER V. SMITH. 107 building thereon; and (c) dividing the proceeds of the said sale, 31/45ths to the Convention Baptist group and 14/45ths to the Landmark Baptist group. This division of the proceeds of the sale was in keeping with the percentage of the votes cast by the respective groups in the 1924 church election previously thentioned. Appellants here are the representatives of the Convention Baptist group, and they claim full control of all the church property subject only to the use agreement made in 1924. Appellees are the representatives of the Landmark Baptist group, and are seeking either to sustain the decree of the chancery court or—by cross appeal —to obtain an election to determine the present numerical strength of the two groups. It is admitted that both the Convention group and the Landmark group at Anti-och have remained true to the Faith and Doctrines of the Baptist church. Opinion Tile only reason for judicial intervention is the settlement of the property rights claimed by the rival groups. See Elston v. Wilborn, supra. Excellent briefs have been filed by both sides, but we find it unnecessary to discuss the many authorities cited. All parties to this litigation agree that the Antioch Baptist Church has always been a congregational church, as that term was defined in Elston v. Wilborn, supra, where it was further said: "In congregational groups the affairs are determined by the vote of the majority of the members. The rule is stated in 45 Am. Juris. 764: 'Thus, when a church, strictly congregational or indep , endent in its organization, is governed solely within itself, either by majority of its membership or by such other local organism as it may have instituted for the purpose of ecclesiastical government, and holds property either by way of purchase or donation, with no other . specific trust attached to it than that it is for the use of the church, the numerical majority of the membership of the church may ordinarily control the right to the use and title of such property . . . '." In Monk v. Little, 122 Ark. 7, 182 S. W. 511, Mr. Justice HART, speaking for this Court, said: "In the case
108 BOOKER V. SMITH. [214 of Hatchett et al. v. Mount Pleasant Baptist Church et al., 46 Ark. 291, the Court 'expressly held that in a congregational church the majority, if they have adhered to the organization and to the doctrines of the church, represent the church. The Court said they control in the government of the chu'rch and have a right to select its pastor and control its property. The opinion in the case was delivered by Judge BATTLE who was specially fitted to speak on the subject, not only because of his learning and eminence in the law, but also because of his long and close connection with the Baptist Faith." Applying the foregoing principles to the case at bar, we reach the conclusion that the rights incident to this litigation were settled , by the events that took place in 1924, as previously recited. I. The Vote and Settlement Agreement in 1924. In that year the Antioch church voted 31 to 14 that it would adhere to the Convention Baptists. That vote was and is conclusive on tbe question as to which side constituted the majority. The 31 in the majority had the right to control the property of the church. A short time later, in a spirit of settlement, the majority (i. e., Convention) group voted to allow the Landmark group to use the church property on certain Sundays ; and the Convention group still offers to fulfill that agreement. All use of the church by the Landmark group after the settlement agreement in 1924 constituted a recognition by that group that it was using the church property under the agreement with the Convention group ; and such use—being permissive—could never ripen into adverse possession, or give the Landmark group any greater rights than the settlement agreement contained. The events in 1924 settled the rights of the respective groups. II. The 21/2-Acre Tract Acquired in 1937. When this tract was acquired the deed was to the Antioch Church, and not to the Landmark group. So the 21/2-acre tract became the property of the Antioch Church, and under the control of the majority in the church. That majority was and is the continuation of the Convention group which won the election in 1924 by the vote of 31 to 14.
ARK.] BOOKER V. SMITH. 109 III. Appellees' Prayer for a "Clear Election." Appellees urge that they are entitled to a "clear election" to determine which group is ih numerical majority at the present time ; and they insist that the language in Elston v. Wilborn, supra, is ambiguous in the use of the expression, "clear election." That opinion stated, inter alia: "We do not mean that an election can never be called. If—for instance--a complaint should , be filed stating that by force, threats, etc. the desire of the ma- jority could not be ascertained, then a court could properly decree a clear election—not to decide the result of a pending case, but as granting the relief prayed, i. e., a clear election." "Clear" means "Clean; pure ; unsUllied", 2 and that is the sense in which the word was used in Elston v. Wil-born,.supra. It is not claimed in.this case that there was any , force, threats,, fraud .or intimidation practiced by either side in the 1924 election. , It, was a "clear" eNc-tion; and the result disclosed the position of each group. Appellants, as , the successors in , continuation of the majority group in 192 , 4, are still 'entitled to the full control of the church property subject only . to the use agreement. Conclusion Since the majority gained control in 1924, and the minority has used: the church building thereafter by permission of the majority, it follows that the decree of the chancery court was erroneous and is hereby reversed ; and it is unnecessary for us to discuss the propriety of that portion of the decree concerning partition. In the oral 'argument in this Court appellants (i. e., Convention Baptists), as the continuation of the 1924 majority faction, agreed that the 1924 agreement could still be continued as to use of the church property on alternate Sun-days by the Landmark group; and the appellants also agreed that there could be added to the agreement a p ro-vision that the use of the church property, when there was a fifth Sunday in any month, could alternate betweell the two groups. 2 Websteres New International Dictionary, 2d Ed., printing of 1944.
110 BOOKER V. SMITH. [214 In the light of the holdings hereinbefore stated, and the said concessions made in the oral argument about the fifth Sunday use, this cause is remanded to the chancery court with directions (a) to set. aside and vaeate its previous decree, and (b) to enter a decree : finding and holding that the Convention Baptists group, now represented by appellants here, is entitled to the full and complete control of all the church property, subject only to the right of the Landmark group to use the church on the first and third Sundays in each month, with the other provision as to revivals as hereinbefore stated, and with the further order that the two groups will alternate in the use of the church whenever there is a fifth Sunday in any month—the Landmark group to begin by having the first such fifth Sunday in 1949. The Landmark group will be given 30 days after the entry of the decree on remand to file in the chancery court its Written certificate of rejection or acceptance as to all continued use. In the event of rejection, all rights of use by the Landmark group will be ipso facto terminated. In the event of acceptance, such certificate will imply good faith as to future use and responsibility. All costs of both courts are adjudged against the appellees. I am authorized to add the following as the views of Mr. Justice HOLT : " I think that in the circumstances here the decree should be reversed and the cause dismissed, for the reason that the appellants—the Convention group—acquired absolute ownership and control of all the property here involved by the election in 1924 (including the 1937 property), and are not bound in any manner to allow the appellees—the minority group—to occupy or enjoy the future use of the property ; the offer made in court to allow the continued use was in the nature of an offer in compromise which was not accepted and is not now binding."
You are being directed to the most recent version of the statute which may not be the version considered at the time of the judgment.