ARK.] BROWN V. FRAZIER. 671 BROWN V. FRAZIER. 5-409 267 S. W. 2d 951 Opinion delivered May 17, 1954. 1. TAXATION—TENDER OF TAXES—FAILURE TO FILE AFFmAvrr.—Where a litigant, in an action to recover lands held under a tax title (Ark. Stats., §§ 34-1419-34-1421), fails to file the affidavit as to tender of taxes, etc., the trial court is not compelled to dismiss with prejudice and it can, in lieu of a dismissal by the court, permit the plaintiff to take a nonsuit without prejudice. 2. DISMISSAL AND NONSUIT—VOLUNTARY —RIGHT TO WITHDRAW. — Justice dictates that an action to recover lands held under a tax title should be heard on its merits, and to construe Ark. Stats., § 34- 1421 as mandatorily requiring a dismissal with prejudice for failure to file the affidavit would be a harsh rule resulting in a denial of justice on a technicality and contrary to the well established and recognized right of a litigant to take a voluntary nonsuit. Appeal from Chicot Circuit Court ; John M. Golden, Judge ; affirmed. J. B. Gillison, for appellant. Carneal Warfield, for appellee. WARD, J. This appeal involves the construction of Ark. Stats., § 34-1421, which is to the general effect that the trial court must, in the absence of an affidavit of tender of payment of taxes, improvements, interests, etc., dismiss the complaint in certain instances. Appellees, H. W. Wells and H. L. Cooper, filed an ejectment suit against appellant, W. G. Brown, in the Chicot Circuit Court, making certain allegations. Those material to this decision are, in substance, as follows: Wells is the owner and entitled to the immediate possession of the land in question; title in Wells is deraigned through twenty-three separate conveyances or transactions, among which are deeds from the State and also
672 BROWN V. FRAZIER. [223 the Cypress Creek Drainage District [based on tax for-feitures] to Wells or his predecessors; Brown "claims some interest in said property, the exact nature of which is ummown" but without foundation; and, Brown "forcibly entered on said lands, took possession thereof " and refuses to allow plaintiffs to enter thereon. The prayer was for possession of the lands. Brown's response to the above complaint was a Motion to Dismiss, in which the following allegations, material here, were made : He is the owner and in possession of said lands ; he bought the land from the Southeast Arkansas Levee District which District had previously received a deed from the Chicot County Clerk, all based on tax forfeitures; all sales mentioned above were pointed out as being matters of public record and, as such, were notice to Wells; and, Wells has "failed, refused or neglected to tender to this defendant any of said taxes or improvements made on said lands by him" and has failed to file the affidavit required by Ark. Stats., § 34-1420 and § 34-1421, and because thereof the complaint should be dismissed. After argument on appellant's motion by counsel on both sides and after some remarks by the trial judge, but before any decision was rendered, the court granted Wells' request to take a non-suit at his costs and an order was entered to the above effect over the objections of app611ant. Appellant apparently assumes, and we think correctly, that appellee's non-suit was taken, with the approval of the trial court, without prejudice, and we shall consider it from this viewpoint. The only question presented here, according to appellant's view, is : Does Ark. Stats., § 34-1421 make it mandatory on the trial judge, in a case of this nature, to dismiss the complaint with prejudice? If so, this cause must be reversed, otherwise it must be affirmed. The section mentioned reads as follows:
ARK.] BROWN V. FRAZIER. 673 "If any suit or action shall be brought in any court of record in this State against any such purchaser or purchasers, his, her, or their heirs, or assigns, holding any lands, as specified in the first section [§ 34-1419] of this act, and it shall appear to the satisfaction of such court, that no affidavit, as required in the preceding section of this act, was filed previous to the commencement thereof, it shall be the duty of such court to dismiss said suit or action, at the cost of the plaintiff or plaintiffs." Statute Not Mandatory. In our opinion the statute is not mandatory in either of two respects : (a) The trial court is not compelled to dismiss with prejudice, and (b) The trial court can permit the plaintiff to take a non-suit without prejudice in lieu of a dismissal by the court, plaintiff to pay the cost in either event. (a) Appellants' construction of § 34-1421 is harsh and could easily result in a denial of justice on an oversight or technicality. This situation could more easily arise, as here, where the necessity of an affidavit of tender first becomes apparent and its omission noted for the first time in a motion to dismiss That the question can be raised on a motion was decided in Pope, et al. v. Macon, et al., 23 Ark. 644. So, if appellees in this instance do own the land in question and are in fact entitled to possession, justice dictates they should have a chance to be heard on the merits of their claim. Although this court has not had occasions to pass directly on the question here raised by appellant, we think the implications in the opinion in Wolf & Bailey v. Phillips, 116 Ark. 115, 172 S. W. 894, fully sustain the conclusion we reach here. In the above cited case the opinion dealt with two situations. The first, and the one pertinent here, was where an affidavit required by Kirby's Digest, § 2760, which is the same as Ark. Stats., § 34-1421, was insufficient. In this connection the Court there said : " (1) First. It is the duty of the circuit court, where the above statute is not complied with, 'to dismiss
674 [223 said action at the cost of the plaintiff.' Kirby's Digest, § 2760. This statute contemplates that the court shall dismiss the action where the affidavit is insufficient, without submitting the issue raised by the pleadings in the case to the jury. It is a matter that must be disposed of in limine. It is erroneous procedure to have the cause submitted on the merits to the jur y and then direct the jury to return a verdict in favor of the defendant in the action because the plaintiff has failed to file a sufficient affidavit. The judgment of the court based on the jury's verdict was not one dismissing the action, but was tantamount to a judgment in favor of the defendant on the merits." If this Court did not consider a dismissal for lack of the affidavit to be without prejudice, we can see no occasion for it to stress the "merits" of the case as it did in the last two sentences above quoted. (b) In view of what has been said above little need be said to justify the trial court in allowing appellees to take a non-suit at their own expense. Regardless of whether the court dismissed appellees' complaint at their cost or allowed them to take a non-suit at their cost, the same result was reached and the purpose of the statute was fulfilled in either event. The right of a litigant, recognized by practice and statute, to take a non-suit is too well established to require comment or citations. In reaching the above conclusions we have done so on the basis there is no contention that appellant's motion amounted to a cross-complaint or that there was such a final submission to the court as would prevent appellees from taking a non-suit. Affirmed.
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