ARK.] J ACKSON v. STATE. 611 JACKSON V. STATE. 4332 176 S. W. 2d 909 Opinion delivered January 17, 1944. 1. CRIMINAL LAW—INSTRUCTIONS.—Sinee it is unnecessary for the court to repeat what is, in effect, the same direction in a separate instruction, there was no error in refusing the requested instruction where the ground had been covered in another which was given. 2. MURDER.—The jury had a right, in the prosecution of appellant for murder, to infer from the nature and location of the wounds inflicted by appellant on deceased, the fact that he died shortly afterwards and that no other cause of his death was suggested that these wounds caused his death. 3. CRIMINAL LAW—CONTINUANCES.—There is no error in refusing the admission of testimony on the trial whicl; might properly have been heard by the court 'on appellant's motion for continuance. 4. CRIMINAL LAW—CONTINUANCES—ABSENT WITNESSES.—Where it does not appear probable that the attendance of witnesses can be secured at the next term, the court may, in the exercise of its discretion, refuse a continuance on account of the absence of such witnesses. 5. CRIMINAL LAW —CONTINUANCES—ABSENT WITNESSES.—Where appellant stated that he did not know the whereabouts of the absent witnesses, it cannot be said that the lower court abused its discretion in denying his motion for continuance because of the absence of such witnesses. Ap'peal from Saline Circuit Court ; Thomas E. Toler, Judge; affirmed.
612 - JACKSON V. SPATE. [206 Kenneth C. Coffelt, for appellant. Guy E. Williams, Attorney General, and Oscar E. Ellis, Assistant Attorney General-, for appellee. ROBINS, J. Appellant, Ike Jackson, was tried on . information charging him with murder in the first degree, found guilty of murder in the second degree and his punishment fixed by the jury at imprisonment in the penitentiary for seven years. To reverse the judgment of the lower court imposing sentence in . accordance with the jury's verdict appellant prosecutes this appeal. These grounds for reversal are urged by appellant in this court : (1) That the lower court erred in refusing appellant's requested instruction No. 9; (2) that there was not sufficient proof to establish that the gunshot wound inflicted on Joe Russell by appellant was the cause of Russell's death; (3) that .the lower court erred in refusing to allow the sheriff to testify as to his efforts to serve a subpoena on certain witnesses desired by appellant ; and (4) that the lower court erred in refusing to grant appellant's motion for continuance. Instruction No. 9 requested by appellant was as follows : "You are instructed that before you can convict the defendant On any charge of murder, you must believe beyond a reasonable-doubt that the deceaSed died because of being shot and notlor any other caus j e or reason." The court, in the insti-uctions given, stated that it was necessary for the state, in order to obtain a conviction; to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant killed the deceased, and it was unnecessary for the court to repeat what was in effect the same direction in a separate instruction. We find no error in the refusal of the lower court to give this instruction. It is argued by appellant that there was not sufficient evidence to establish that . Russell died as a result of being shot by appellant. Briefly summarized, the
ARK.] JACKSON V. STATE. 013 testimony showed that appellant, on- Monday night, fired two shots from a shotgun at Russell, and at least one of the loads took effect in Russell's legs and privates ; that Russell fell to the ground when shot and was taken to the hospital where he died on Thursday night. While there was no medical testimony to the effect that Rus-sell's death resulted from anything other than these gunshot wounds, there is no intimation in the testimony that he died from any other cause than being shot by appellant. That the case was tried in the lower court on the assumption by both sides that Russell died from the effect of a gunshot wound inflicted by appellant is reflected in the record by several questions asked by counsel for appellant in the lower court, in which the shooting was referred to as "the killing." In the case of Outler v. State, 154 Ark. 598, 243 S. W. 851, it appeared that Outler was convicted of the crime of murder in he first degree committed -by striking Will Blackburn with a gun. There was no testimony as to the cause of Blackburn's death other than that Outler struck Blackburn with a gun at a Cbristmas tree celebration one night, and that Blackburn, after being struck, left the house, went home and died the next day. No medical testimony of any kind as to the cause of Black-burn's death was offered, and it was urged in that case that there was not sufficient proof of the cause of Black-burn's death. In answering this contention Chief Justice McCuLLocn, speaking for the court, said : "It is earnestly contended that the evidence is insufficient to warrant the conviction, for the redson that it was not proved that death resulted from the blow delivered by appellant. There is n9thing, however, in the record to show that there was any other cause for tbe death which , resulted so soon after the infliction of the blow, and the jury were authorized, we think, in drawing the inference, even in the absence of direct proof on the subject, that death 1. esulted from the blow." What was said in tbe Outler case is controlling here. The jury had a right to infer from the nature and location of the wounds inflicted by appellant on Russell and
614 JACKSON v. STATE. [206 the fact that he died in a hospital shortly afterwards and that no other cause 'of his death was suggested that these wbunds caused his death. Appellant offered to prove by tbe sheriff that a subpoena for certain witnesses for appellant had been issued on appellant's request and placed in the sheriff's hands for service, and that.he bad been unable to serve same because the whereabouts of said witnesses was unknown. The only issue being tried before the jury was whether or not appellant had fCloniously killed Russell. The testimony of the sheriff as to efforts by him to serve the subpoena on witnesses desired by appellant certainly could throw no light on that issue. Such testimony could have been properly heard by the court only on a motion for continuance, and the court did not err in refusing to permit this testimony to be given on the Arial before the jury. Iv. It is finally urged by appellant that the lower court erred in denying his motion for a continuance. The motion for continuance filed by appellant set up that three witnesses for appellant, for whom subpoena had been issued, Bill Finley, -William Henry Jones and Walter Prather, .failed to appear when called to testify.- In the motion for continuance it was stated that the whereabouts of all of these witnesses was unknown to appellant. The motion for continuance, therefore, did not show that any of these witnesses were within the jurisdiction of the court, or that there was any probability of obtaining the attendance of these witnesses at a later date. It has been frequently held by this court that where it does not appear probable that the attendance of absent witnesses can be secured atfhe next term, the trial court may, in the exercise of its discretion, refuse a continuance on account of the absence of such witnesses. Striplin v. State, 100 Ark. 132, 139 S. W. 1128; Adki.sson V. State,
ARK.] 615 142 Ark. 15, 218 S. W. 165; Rays v. State, 156 Ark. 179, 245 S. W:.309 ; Edwards v. State, 173 Ark. 1180, 294 S. W. 386. We.. cannot say that the lower court abused its dis- • cretion in denying the motion for . continuance. We have carefully examined the Tecord in tbis cas.e and find no error prejudicial to the rights of appellant. The • ve . rdict of the jury was abundantly supported by the testimony. The judgment of the lower court is affirmed..
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