- 580- ARKANSAS- GEN. ILLITIES- CH. V. SHIPMAN. _ [188 ARKANSAS GENERAL UTILITIES COMPANY V. SHIPMAN. 4-3286 Opinion delivered January 15, 1934. 1. ELECTRICITY—BREAK OF POWER LINE—PRESUMPTION.—Breaking of a 33,000-volt power line, which fell across a 110-volt service line, causing a dangerous current of electricity to enter a house and injure an occupant, held to make out a prima facie case of negligence. 2. ELECTRICITY—BREAK OF POWER LINE—JURY QUESTION.—Whether a high-yoltage wire was struck by lightning causing it to break and fall across a service line held under the evidence for the jury. 3. ELECTRICITY—NEGLIGENCE—SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE.—The fact that a high-voltage wire broke and fell across a service wire
ARK.] ARKANSAS. GEN. UTILITIES CO. v. SHIPMA*. 581 held to make a case of negligence to go to the jury, without requiring the plaintiff to show why the wire broke. 4. APPEAL AND ERROR—CONCLUSIVENESS OF VERDICT.—While a jury will not be permitted to speculate, yet where there is substantial evidenee upon which to bas el ).: a verdict, it will not be disturbed on appeal. 5. ELECTRICITY—*—NEGLIGENCE.—IT a high-voltage wire should be struck by lightning and severed within such short time before plaintiff's injury that the power company could not, ,by exercise of ordinary. care, have repaired it before plaintiff's injury, the power company would not be liable. 6. ELECTRICITY—CARE OF POWER LINES.—A power company must exercise a high degree o ' f care in selection and iristallation of its electrical apparatus, and use commensurate care to keep the same in- proper state of repair. Appeal from Drew Circuit Court; Patrick Henry, Judge ; -affirmed. • - . • • • DuVa1 L. Purkins and Letfel Gentry, for appellant. C. T. Sims and George H. Holmes, for -a.ppeIlee. MEITAIFY, j: This, suit Was begun in the Drew Circuit. 'Court by appellee ag -ainst the appellant to recover damages in the sum of $5,000 for personal injury, alleged to have been caused-by the negligence of appellant. The appellant operates an electrical system at Wil-mar, Drew County, Arkansas, and• it is alleged that it maintained an electrical transmission line, conveying 33,000 volts of electricity near appellee's home, and also a service line of 110 volts ; that on July 3, 1932, one of -the 33,000-volt Wires fell across the 110-volt wires, causing an unneces'sary, excessive and dangerous amount of electricity to be transmitted 'into the residence of 'appel-lee, and'into the light and radie connections in said residence ; that, as a result, the radio was burned and blazed up, and appellee, in order to save the residence from being burned, took hold . of the insulated cord which' connected the radio to the 110-volt serviCe line, and broke the connection by separating the plug, and . that when she did so, there was a powerful electric arc therefrom, which damaged her eyes,' and the current entered her body, causing injury to her head, eyes,•.heart, muscles and nerves. It was -alleged that- appellant .was negligent in erecting and maintaining the wire carrying 33,000 volts of
- 582 ARKANSAS GEN. UTILITIES GO. v. SHIPMAN. [188 electric current which broke and fell upon the 110-volt wires, connected with the residence of appellee ; that, in erecting and stringing the wire upon the poles, said wire was stretched so tight that the strain,and tension thereon was so great that said wire was pulled in two. It is also alleged that appellant did ntxt exercise reasonable care in making inspection, and that, if it had it would have known of the strain upon the wire. Appellant filed answer, admitting the ownership of the 33,000-volt transmission line and the 110-volt distributing line, but denied all allegations of negligence, and denied that appellee received any injuries, and alleged that, if appellee was injured, it resulted from her own negligence. There was a verdict and judgment in favor of the appellee against the appellant for $2,093.08. The case is here on appeal. There is no dispute about the transmission line, which carried 33,000 volts, breaking and falling on the other wires. There is a sharp conflict in the evidence as to the injury, and also contention is made by appellant that appellee was guilty of negligence herself, which caused the injury. It would serve no useful purpose to set out the testimony. It is in conflict on all matters of fact. The evidence showed that there were pennies in the fuse box, and the appellee's evidence shows that appellant's representatives knew of this before the injury. This evidence is also disputed. No one testified as to how much voltage went into the house. The wires had been there several years, and one witness testified that he inspected the wires 60 days befcire the injury. Witnesses for appellant testified that it would be physically impossible for the line to break under strain because this break happened in. the summer time, and breakage of wires drawn too tight would occur in_the winter months. Several witnesses also testified that, in their opinion, the transmission line was struck and severed by lightning. No one saw the line struck by lightning, nor did any one testify about lightning on that day.
ARK.] ARKANSAS GEN. UTILITIES CO. v. SHIPMAN. 583 Appellant first contends that the case should be reversed upon the opinion in the case of Dierks Lumber, ce Coal Co. v. Brown, 19 Fed. (2d) 732. In that case the court held that the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur applied in a case where the evidence showed that a current of electricity of high voltage, unnecessary, unsafe and unsuitable, passed into the store over the power company's wires and caused injury. The breaking of the 33,000-volt wire in the instant case, breaking and causing high current of electricity to enter the home of appellee, causing injury, speaks for itself, and makes a prima facie case of negligence. The court further said, in the case relied on by appellant: "If no further evidence appeared in this case than circumstances showing that an excessive current of electricity of high voltage, unnecessary, unsafe . and unsuitable for the purposes of the store, was transmitted over defendant's wires into the store, and that plaintiff suffered injury therefrom, such circumstances would point to negligence and be sufficient, no facts or circumstances being shown to disprove the same, to take the case to the jury. As the Supreme Court said in the Sweeney case, supra [228 U. S. 233, 33 S. Ct. 416] : ' The -circumstances are evidence of negligence.' " Of course, the presumption arising from the happening of the accident may be rebutted, and in this case the appellant undertook to rebut this presumption by showing that it had inspected the wires, and by introducing evidence tending to show that the high voltage wire was struck by lightning. These were facts, however, for the • s ry to determine ju Appellant next cites City Electric St. Ry. Co. v. Con-vry, 61 Ark. 381, 33 S. W. 426. It is contended that the test of the duty is announced in this case. The court, after stating the high degree of care required of -one controlling electric current, said: "This • fact being established, the neXt question is, upon what duty . of the appellant to the appellee can this action be based? The answer to it is, upon the duty enjoined by the rule which requires every one to so use his property as not to injure another. The applicability of this rule may be shown
584 __ARKANSAS :GEN-. -UTILITIES CO. V-. SHIPMAN. [18S by many illustrations. One is where an owner ' of a vicious animal accustomed to do hurt, knowing his habits, negligently allows him to escape. -He is responsible for the mischief the animal does, because it was the duty of the owner to keep him secure." The court then, after citing other illustrations, continues : "This rule applies with equal force to electric companies. They are bound to use reasonable care:in the construction and maintenance of their poles, cross-arms and wires and other apparatus along streets and .other highways. They are required to do so for the protection of persons and property. If they negligently allow their wires to fall or sag, or poles or other apparatus to fall, to the injury of another, they are responsible in damage for the wrong done, if the party injured is guiltY of lie culpable negligence contributing to the injury." We do not agree with appellant that it was the duty of the appellee to show that transmission wire broke because it was stretched upon the poles so tight that the strain and tension thereon pulled the wire in two. The circumstances and the breaking of the wire is evidence of negligence. , • The appellant argues at length that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the verdict. This court has many times held that the jury will not be permitted to guess and speculate, but, where there is any substantial evidence upon which to base a verdict, it cannot be disturbed by this court. If the evidence had established the fact that the wire was struck by lightning and severed within such a short time before the accident that the appellant could not have repaired it by the exercise of-ordinary care,_the appellant would not be liable ; but whether the_ evidence establishes this fact was a question for the jury. Objection was made by appellant to some of the instructions, but these objections are not argued in its brief.
"The duty of an electric company in reference to _keeping its appliances in safe condition is a Continuing
one. Not only must it exercise a high degree of care in the original_selection and installation of its electric ap-
AHEANSAS GEN. UTUATIES CO. V. SHIPMAN. 585 paratus, but thereafter it must use commensurate care to keep the same in a proper state of repair. The obligation of repairing defects does not 'mean merely that the, company is required to remedy such defective conditions as are brought to its actual knowledge. The company is required to use active diligence to discover defects in its system. In other words, an electric company is bound to exercise due care in the inspection of its poles, wires, transformers and other appliances." Curtis on Electricity, 699 ; Ark. Power & Light Co. v. Cates, 180 Ark. 1004, 24 S. W. (2d) 846. "A company maintaining electrical wires, over which a high voltage of electricity is conveyed, rendering them highly dangerous to others, is under the duty of using the necessary care and prudence at places where others may have a right to go, either for work, business, or pleasure, to prevent injury. It is the duty of the company, imder such condition,. to keep the wires -perfectly insulated, and it must exercise the utmost care to maintain them in this condition at such places. And the fact that it is very expensive or inconvenient to so insulate them will not excuse the company for failure to keep their wires perfectly insulated." 1 Joyce on,Electricity, 735 ; Du,n-can Elec. Ite Ice Co. v. Chrisman, 59 Okla. 67, 157 Pac. 1031 ; Ark. Power & Light Co. IT: Ca,tes, supra. 'We think the evidence was sufficient to submit the questions of fact to the jury as to the negligence of the appellant and the contributory negligence of appellee. On all the issues of fact where evidence was introduced, the testimony was in conflict. All of these questions were for the jury, and not the court. We. find no error, and the judgment is affirmed,
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